High school transformation steroids12/29/2023 ![]() ![]() Ridlon JM, Kang D, Hylemon P (2006) Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria. Silva CP, Otero M, Esteves V (2012) Processes for the elimination of estrogenic steroid hormones from water: a review. A stereochemical requirement for the 11α-hydroxylation and the lactonization pathway. Swizdor A, Panek A, Milecka-Tronina N (2014) Microbial Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of 5α-steroids using Beauveria bassiana. Tong W-Y, Dong X (2009) Microbial biotransformation: recent developments on steroid drugs. ![]() Rugutt JK, Rugutt KJ (2012) Antimycobacterial activity of steroids, long-chain alcohols and lytic peptides. doi: 10.1002/9783527626236.ch1įinocchi C, Ferrari M (2011) Female reproductive steroids and neuronal excitability. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., Weinheim, pp 1–64. In: Bader M (ed) Cardiovascular hormone systems: from molecular mechanisms to novel therapeutics. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.006Ĭraigie E, Mullins JJ, Bailey MA (2009) Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Piironen V, Lindsay DG, Miettinen TA, Toivo J, Lampi AM (2000) Plant sterols: biosynthesis, biological function and their importance to human nutrition. Vallée M (2016) Neurosteroids and potential therapeutics: focus on pregnenolone. Schumacher M, Deniera C, Oudinet J-P, Adams D, Rachida Guennouna R (2016) Progesterone neuroprotection: the background of clinical trial failure. Melcangi RC, Panzica G, Garcia-Segura LM (2011) Neuroactive steroids: focus on human brain. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-081308-165917Ĭharalampopoulos I, Remboutsika E, Andrew N, Margioris AN, Achille Gravanis A (2008) Neurosteroids as modulators of neurogenesis and neuronal survival. Wollam J, Antebi A (2011) Sterol regulation of metabolism, homeostasis, and development. Waters CM, Bonnie L (2005) Bassler quorum sensing: cell-to-cell communication in bacteria. Key wordsīaker ME (2011) Origin and diversification of steroids: co-evolution of enzymes and nuclear receptors. Here, we briefly review the current state and prospects in the field of microbial bioconversions with special attention to the application of molecular microbiology methods for the generation of new whole cell biocatalysts. The achievements in genetic and metabolic engineering of steroid-transforming strains in combination with novel approaches in the enzymatic and whole-cell biocatalysis provide a platform for highly effective and selective biotransformations. Although a range of biocatalytic methods has been developed, selection of suitable microorganisms, as well as creation of new engineered strains, is of great importance for generation of improved bioprocesses and production schemes for obtaining known and new metabolites with potent biological activity. A number of bioprocesses using steroid-transforming microbial strains are well established on an industrial level. Some microorganisms are effective at the performance of sterol side-chain degradation, oxyfunctionalization of steroid core, and redox reactions at different positions of the steroid molecule. ![]() Steroid modifications by selected wild-type and engineered strains of microorganisms became an effective tool for the production of high-valued steroidal drugs and their precursors for the pharmaceutical industry. ![]()
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